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Plane table surveying

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What is Plane Table Surveying? Setup & Methods   Saidis Salekin Aninda The plane table surveying  is one of the fastest and easiest methods of surveying. Plotting of plans and field observations can be done at the same time in plane table surveying. It is useful for the following cases: It is best fitted for small-scale surveying i.e. any types of fields It is also used in surveying industrial areas where compass survey fails to perform It is often used to fill in details between stations fixed by triangulation method or theodolite traversing method. Temporary Adjustments of The Plane Table 1. Centering This process is to ascertain that the point on the ground is represented accurately on the paper. It is carried out with the help of plumbing fork and plumbing bob.The pointed end (at the upper hand) of the plumbing fork is kept on paper and at the other end, a plumb bob is fixed. The board is shifted manually until the bob hangs exactly over the peg...
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Ranging Rod

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Ranging rod Not to be confused with  Measuring rod . Ranging rod and Offset rod A  ranging rod  is a  surveying  instrument used for marking the position of stations and for sightings of those stations as well as for ranging  straight lines . [1]  Initially these were made of light, thin and straight  bamboo  or of well seasoned wood such as  teak ,  pine  or  deodar . They were shod with iron at the bottom and surmounted with a flag about 25 cm square in size.  [2]  Nowadays they are made of metallic materials only. The rods are usually 3 cm in diameter and 2 m or 3 m long, painted alternatively either  red  and  white  or  black  and white in lengths of 20 cm (i.e. one link length of metric chain). These colours are used so that the rod can be properly sighted in case of long distance or bad weather. Ranging rods of greater length, i.e., 4 m to 6 m, are called ranging...
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