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Ranging rod Not to be confused with  Measuring rod . Ranging rod and Offset rod A  ranging rod  is a  surveying  instrument used for marking the position of stations and for sightings of those stations as well as for ranging  straight lines . [1]  Initially these were made of light, thin and straight  bamboo  or of well seasoned wood such as  teak ,  pine  or  deodar . They were shod with iron at the bottom and surmounted with a flag about 25 cm square in size.  [2]  Nowadays they are made of metallic materials only. The rods are usually 3 cm in diameter and 2 m or 3 m long, painted alternatively either  red  and  white  or  black  and white in lengths of 20 cm (i.e. one link length of metric chain). These colours are used so that the rod can be properly sighted in case of long distance or bad weather. Ranging rods of greater length, i.e., 4 m to 6 m, are called ranging poles and are used in case of very long  survey  lines. [3]  Another type of ranging rod is known as an

What is meant by perpendicular and oblique offset? What is meant by perpendicular and oblique offset? By: scribed Taged users: Likes: Be first to like this question Dislikes: Be first to dislike this question Talk about this Delete | Like | Dislike | Answers These are the lateral measurements from the base line to fix the positions of the different objects of the work with respect to base line. These are generally set at right angle offsets. It can also be drawn with the help of a tape. There are two kinds of offsets:  1) Perpendicular offsets, and  2) Oblique offsets.  The measurements are taken at right angle to the survey line called perpendicular or right angled offsets. The measurements which are not made at right angles to the survey line are called oblique offsets or tie line offsets.

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General relativity Main articles:  General relativity  and  Introduction to general relativity General relativity is a theory of gravitation developed by Einstein in the years 1907–1915. The development of general relativity began with the  equivalence principle , under which the states of  accelerated motion  and being at rest in a  gravitational field  (for example, when standing on the surface of the Earth) are physically identical. The upshot of this is that  free fall  is  inertial motion : an object in free fall is falling because that is how objects move when there is no  force  being exerted on them, instead of this being due to the force of  gravity  as is the case in  classical mechanics . This is incompatible with classical mechanics and  special relativity  because in those theories inertially moving objects cannot accelerate with respect to each other, but objects in free fall do so. To resolve this difficulty Einstein first proposed that spacetime is  curved . In

Theory of relativity This article is about the scientific concept. For philosophical or ontological theories about relativity, see  Relativism . For the silent film, see  The Einstein Theory of Relativity . Two-dimensional  projection of a  three-dimensional  analogy of spacetime curvature described in general relativity The  theory of relativity  usually encompasses two interrelated theories by  Albert Einstein :  special relativity  and  general relativity . [1] Special relativity applies to  elementary particles  and their interactions, describing all their physical phenomena except  gravity . General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to other forces of nature. [2]  It applies to the  cosmological  and astrophysical realm, including astronomy. [3] The theory transformed  theoretical physics  and  astronomy  during the 20th century, superseding a 200-year-old  theory of mechanics  created primarily by  Isaac Newton . [3] [4] [5]  It int